Do active funds beat the index?
It's true that over the short term, some mutual funds will outperform the market by significant margins - but over the long term, active investment tends to underperform passive indexing, especially after taking account of fees and taxes.
Index funds offer lower fees and tax efficiency. Due to their passive nature, they often perform in line with market benchmarks, making them suitable for investors seeking broad market exposure at lower costs. On the other hand, active mutual funds aim to outperform the market by employing active management strategies.
Returns: Index funds track benchmark indices and deliver returns closely aligned with the performance of the underlying index, adjusted for expenses and tracking error. Conversely, active funds rely on the expertise of the fund manager to generate returns that may outperform the benchmark.
Even fund managers who have spent years developing active investing strategies and bespoke valuation systems rarely tend to do any better than passive strategies. “Historically, active managers just have not beaten the market in aggregate,” Yang says. “There may be really skilled active managers,” she adds.
International developed stock fund managers were able to beat their respective indexes in four of the past 23 years, or 17.4% of the time. Meanwhile, emerging markets active fund managers fared even worse. They only managed to outperform in two years, or 8.7% of the time, during these 20-plus years.
Fund | 2023 performance (%) | 5yr performance (%) |
---|---|---|
MS INVF US Insight | 52.26 | 34.65 |
Sands Capital US Select Growth Fund | 51.3 | 76.97 |
Natixis Loomis Sayles US Growth Equity | 49.56 | 111.67 |
T. Rowe Price US Blue Chip Equity | 49.54 | 81.57 |
MarketWatch spotlights VanEck Morningstar Wide Moat ETF (MOAT), consistently outperforming the S&P 500 by targeting companies with long-term competitive advantages or "economic moats."
In general, actively managed funds have failed to survive and beat their benchmarks, especially over longer time horizons. Just one out of every four active funds topped the average of passive rivals over the 10-year period ended June 2023. But success rates vary across categories.
The SPIVA scorecard found that just 40% of large-cap fund managers outperformed the S&P 500 in 2023 once you factor in fees. So if the odds of outperforming fall to 40-60 for a single year, you can see how the odds of beating the index consistently over the long run could go way down.
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and index funds are similar in many ways but ETFs are considered to be more convenient to enter or exit. They can be traded more easily than index funds and traditional mutual funds, similar to how common stocks are traded on a stock exchange.
How often do active funds beat the market?
Although it is very difficult, the market can be beaten. Every year, some managers boast better numbers than the market indices. A small fraction even manages to do so over a longer period. Over the horizon of the last 20 years, less than 10% of U.S. actively managed funds have beaten the market.
Active Investing Disadvantages
All those fees over decades of investing can kill returns. Active risk: Active managers are free to buy any investment they believe meets their criteria. Management risk: Fund managers are human, so they can make costly investing mistakes.
Less than 10% of active large-cap fund managers have outperformed the S&P 500 over the last 15 years. The biggest drag on investment returns is unavoidable, but you can minimize it if you're smart.
(NASDAQ:DXCM) and Medpace Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ:MEDP) are the only two healthcare sector companies that have made it onto our list of 13 stocks that outperform the S&P 500 every year for the last 5 years. The shares of DexCom, Inc.
And over a full 20-year period ending last December, fewer than 10 percent of active U.S. stock funds managed to beat their benchmarks. Still, every year, some actively managed funds do outperform the indexes. If you own one that does, you may not care about all the others that fail to do so.
Before costs and fees, active managers on average beat their benchmarks by 5 bp. After costs and fees, they underperform the benchmarks by 5 bp.
“In my view, for most people, the best thing to do is own the S&P 500 index fund,” Buffett said at Berkshire's 2020 annual meeting. Buffett's thinking here is straightforward. Most non-professional investors (and even many professional stock-pickers) have very little chance of outperforming the market.
I put my personal 401(k) and a lot of my mutual fund investing in four types of mutual funds: growth, growth and income, aggressive growth, and international.
Think About This: $10,000 invested in the S&P 500 at the beginning of 2000 would have grown to $32,527 over 20 years — an average return of 6.07% per year.
The one time it's okay to choose a single investment
That's because your investment gives you access to the broad stock market. Meanwhile, if you only invest in S&P 500 ETFs, you won't beat the broad market. Rather, you can expect your portfolio's performance to be in line with that of the broad market.
How much is $10000 invested in the S&P 500 in 1970?
Barchart on X: "Fun Fact 🚨: A $10,000 investment in the S&P 500 back in 1970 would be worth $2.3 million today" / X.
Any stock fund manager can top the benchmark S&P 500 in any given year. But the best funds have a proven investment strategy and performance record. These are the funds that consistently post benchmark-beating returns over periods ranging from a year to a decade.
- there's no guarantee an active fund will perform better than the index – in fact, research shows that relatively few active funds do.
- it's not enough to just beat the index – active funds have to beat it by at least enough to cover their expenses, such as transaction fees.
Actively managed funds are worth the risk if the fund manager can consistently beat the benchmark and generate alpha (excess returns) for the investors. However, this is not easy to achieve and depends on various factors, such as the fund manager's skill, market conditions, fund size, and expenses.
Because active investing is generally more expensive (you need to pay research analysts and portfolio managers, as well as additional costs due to more frequent trading), many active managers fail to beat the index after accounting for expenses—consequently, passive investing has often outperformed active because of ...
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